Define Peptic Ulcer.

A peptic ulcer is a common medical condition characterized by the formation of open sores or lesions in the lining of the stomach, the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum), or sometimes in the esophagus. These ulcers occur due to an imbalance between the acidic gastric juices and the protective mechanisms of the gastrointestinal tract. The major contributing factors to the development of peptic ulcers are the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Stress and lifestyle factors can also play a role in some cases.

Causes: 

1. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: H. pylori is a type of bacterium that can inhabit the lining of the stomach and duodenum. It weakens the protective mucous layer, making the stomach lining vulnerable to the corrosive effects of stomach acid.

2. NSAIDs: Long-term or excessive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, _____ ___ ___ __________ ___ __________ _____ _____.
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