Define Expert Systems. Describe in detail their structure and major components. 

An expert system is a type of information system that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to emulate the decision-making abilities of a human expert in solving specific problems. These systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented primarily as rules and facts, rather than through conventional programming techniques. Expert systems aim to provide solutions, recommendations, or diagnoses by mimicking human expertise in a particular domain, such as medicine, engineering, or finance.

The main goal of an expert system is to replicate the expertise of human specialists and make this expertise available to non-experts. For instance, an expert system could be employed to diagnose medical conditions, troubleshoot mechanical faults, or provide legal advice. Expert systems are typically used in situations where human expertise is scarce, expensive, or hard to access. They are widely employed in areas like medical diagnosis systems, customer support systems, and decision-support systems in business.

Structure of an Expert System

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