Define DNA polymorphism. Examine any two techniques used in molecular genetics.

A DNA polymorphism is a DNA sequence variation that is not associated with any observable phenotypic variation, and can exist anywhere in the genome, not necessarily in a gene. Polymorphism means one of two or more alternative forms (alleles) of a chromosomal region that either has a different nucleotide sequence, or it has variable numbers of tandemly repeated nucleotides.

Thus, it is a site of heterozygosity for any sequence variation. Many DNA polymorphisms are useful for genetic mapping studies, hence they are referred to as DNA markers. DNA markers can be detected on Southern blot hybridisation or by PCR.

Techniques used in molecular genetics are -

Amplification

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