Question

Critically examine the Liberal, Marxist and Gandhian approaches to the study of Indian politics. How do these approaches differ in their understanding of political processes, state, society and change?

16 Feb 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 1095
The study of Indian politics has been approached from multiple theoretical perspectives, each offering unique insights into the relationship between the state, society, and the processes of political change. Among the prominent frameworks are the Liberal, Marxist, and Gandhian approaches, which provide distinct lenses for analyzing political behavior, institutional functioning, and the dynamics of social transformation. Understanding these approaches requires examining their assumptions about human nature, the role of society, the purpose of the state, and the mechanisms of political change. The Liberal approach to Indian politics is rooted in the classical liberal tradition that emphasizes individual liberty, rule of law, constitutionalism, and democratic governance. Liberals view political institutions as essential mediators between individual interests and collective welfare. From this perspective, the state exists primarily to safeguard citizens’ rights, maintain social order, and provide the framework within which individuals can pursue their personal and economic goals. In analyzing political processes, Liberals emphasize formal structures, elections, political parties, and the legal and bureaucratic machinery of governance. They often focus on constitutional provisions, institutional stability, and the procedural aspects of democracy. Social change is _________ ____ ________ _______ _______ __________ ______ _________ ______.
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