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Ambedkar’s vision of nation-building has to be understood against the backdrop of India’s historical, social, and political realities. He was not only a legal scholar, constitutionalist, and social reformer but also a thinker deeply concerned about how India could evolve into a modern democratic nation while confronting its deeply entrenched inequalities. Unlike many leaders of his time who spoke of nationalism in romantic terms, Ambedkar’s approach was critical, rational, and grounded in the need to create a just social order. His scheme of nation-building cannot be separated from his struggles against caste oppression, his emphasis on social justice, his role in framing the Constitution, and his vision for democracy and economic equality. For Ambedkar, the first and foremost condition for building a nation was the annihilation of caste. He was acutely aware that India, unlike many Western nations, was not a homogeneous entity but a deeply divided society based on hierarchies of caste, class, and religion. To him, caste was not just a social evil but a fundamental obstacle to the creation of fraternity and national unity. He argued that “caste is not merely a division of labour; it is a division of labourers.” As long as society remained fractured into graded inequalities, the idea of a cohesive nation would remain a myth. Thus, his scheme of nation-building started from the social foundation: India could never become a true nation unless caste was eradicated and every citizen enjoyed equality in practice as well as in principle. This concern shaped his role in drafting the Constitution of India. Ambedkar saw the Constitution as a tool to transform Indian society. He insisted that the political democracy India was about to adopt could not survive unless it was accompanied by social and economic democracy. In his speeches in the Constituent Assembly, he repeatedly emphasized that India was entering a life of contradictions: political equality through universal franchise, but glaring social and economic inequality. For him, the task of nation-building lay in bridging this contradiction through affirmative action, legal safeguards, and welfare measures. Reservation policies for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, provisions against untouchability, and protections for minorities were not ___ _____ __________ _____ ___ ___.
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