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Demographic Transition Theory (DTT) is a model that explains the transformation of population dynamics in societies as they progress economically and socially. It was first proposed by Warren Thompson in 1929 and later elaborated by Frank W. Notestein. The theory postulates that populations move through a series of stages—from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates—accompanied by changes in population growth rates. Typically, it identifies four classical stages, with a possible fifth stage in modern demographic discussions. In Stage 1, pre-industrial societies are characterized by high birth rates and high death rates, which keep population growth minimal. Fertility is high due to the need for labor in agrarian economies and limited access to contraception, while mortality is high due to diseases, poor _______ _____ ________ _____ ____ ______ ____ _______.
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