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Plato and Aristotle both regarded the soul as the essential principle that distinguishes living beings from non-living things, but they differed significantly in their understanding of its nature, functions, and relationship with the body. Their theories of the soul represent two important approaches in ancient Greek philosophy and have deeply influenced later discussions on human existence and personhood. Plato’s theory of the soul is based on his dualistic view of reality. According to Plato, the soul is distinct from the body and belongs to the higher realm of eternal and unchanging reality. The body is temporary and associated with the world of senses, while the soul is immortal and capable of knowing truth through reason. In his dialogue “Republic,” Plato explains that the human soul consists of three parts: the rational, ______ _________ ___ __________ __________ ________ _________.
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