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Sales performance across different outlets can be examined statistically to determine whether the outlets are performing consistently or whether there are substantial variations in their sales. In Business Mathematics and Statistics, consistency means the extent to which sales figures remain close to one another around their average. An outlet with sales figures that fluctuate only slightly is considered more consistent, whereas an outlet with large fluctuations is considered less consistent. The first step in analysing sales performance is to calculate the arithmetic mean of sales for each outlet. The arithmetic mean represents the average sales achieved during the period under consideration. It is calculated by dividing the total sales by the number of observations. If an outlet has monthly sales of ₹40,000, ₹42,000, ₹41,000, ₹43,000 and ₹44,000, its average sales provide a central value around which its individual monthly sales can be compared. A higher mean generally indicates better average sales performance, but mean alone cannot establish consistency. To measure consistency, dispersion is considered. The most common measures of dispersion are range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation. Among these, standard deviation is particularly useful in comparing the consistency of sales performance. Standard deviation measures the extent to which individual sales figures differ from their arithmetic mean. A small standard deviation indicates that sales values are concentrated close to the average, while a large standard deviation indicates greater fluctuation in sales. For example, suppose Outlet A has average monthly sales of ₹50,000 and a standard deviation of ₹2,500, while Outlet B has average monthly sales ___ _____ _______ _______ ___ _______.
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