c) Differentiate Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis are both types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite having some overlapping symptoms, these two conditions differ in their pathophysiology, affected regions of the GI tract, clinical presentation, treatment approaches, and complications.

### 1. Pathophysiology
   - Crohn's Disease: Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus. It is characterized by transmural inflammation, meaning the inflammation affects all layers of the bowel wall. The inflammation may cause deep ulcerations, fissures, and strictures. Crohn’s disease has a segmental pattern, meaning it can cause "skip lesions," where healthy sections of the intestine are interspersed with inflamed areas.
   - Ulcerative Colitis: Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum, specifically involving the mucosal layer of the bowel. The inflammation in ulcerative colitis is continuous and typically begins in the rectum, gradually spreading to other parts of the colon. It does not involve the small intestine, and there are no “skip lesions” as seen in Crohn's disease. The inflammation is usually superficial compared to Crohn’s disease.

### 2. Affected Areas
   - Crohn’s Disease: Can ___ _____ ______ _______ ______ ________ __________ __________ ___ ______.
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