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The Baumol-Tobin model of transaction demand for money explains how individuals balance the trade-off between holding money for transaction purposes and earning interest on alternative financial assets. This model was developed independently by William Baumol and James Tobin and provides an important microeconomic foundation for understanding money demand in intermediate macroeconomics. The model assumes that individuals receive income periodically but make expenditures continuously. Since holding money in cash does not earn interest, individuals must decide how frequently to convert interest-earning assets into cash for transaction needs. One of the most important features of the Baumol-Tobin model is the assumption of fixed transaction costs. Whenever an individual converts bonds or other interest-bearing assets into cash, there _________ ___ ___ ______ _____ _____ _______ ___ _______.
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