Word Count : 226

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Effective nuclear charge, (Z_{\mathrm{eff}}), is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multielectron atom. Although the nucleus has a charge of (+Ze), an electron does not experience the full nuclear attraction because other electrons partially shield it. Thus, (Z_{\mathrm{eff}}) is expressed approximately as [ Z_{\mathrm{eff}}=Z-S ] where (Z) is the atomic number and ___ ______ ___ ___ _____ _______ _________ _______ ______ _________.
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