Briefly discuss Mendel’s laws of Inheritance with suitable examples. 

Mendel’s laws of inheritance are the foundational principles of genetics, discovered by Gregor Mendel through his experiments with pea plants in the 19th century. These laws describe how traits are passed from parents to offspring and laid the groundwork for modern genetics. Mendel’s research focused on the inheritance of seven distinct traits in pea plants, such as seed shape, flower color, and plant height. His results led to the formulation of three key laws: the Law of Segregation, the Law of Independent Assortment, and the Law of Dominance.

### 1. Law of Segregation

The Law of Segregation states that every individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent. These alleles segregate, or separate, during gamete formation, so that each gamete (sperm or egg) carries only one allele for each gene. Upon fertilization, the alleles recombine to form the genotype of the offspring.

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