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Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone mainly produced by the kidneys that regulates red blood cell formation by stimulating bone marrow erythropoiesis when blood oxygen levels are low. In biochemical terms, it binds to erythropoietin receptors on erythroid precursor cells and activates signaling pathways that promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation, leading to increased hemoglobin and oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. ([Cleveland Clinic][1]) The most important application of erythropoietin is in the treatment of anemia, especially anemia associated with chronic kidney disease. In kidney failure, natural erythropoietin production ___ ______ _____ ___ ____ __________ ______ ______ __________ ________ ____ __________.
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