Analyse the important issues in urban planning for effective disaster management

Urban planning plays a crucial role in disaster management, as cities are particularly vulnerable to a wide range of hazards such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and man-made disasters like industrial accidents or terrorism. Effective disaster management in urban areas requires a proactive approach that addresses both risk assessment and vulnerability analysis. Let's delve into the important issues in urban planning for effective disaster management:

1. Risk Assessment:
   - Identification of Hazards: Urban planners need to identify potential hazards that the city might face. This includes natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, storms, as well as human-made hazards such as industrial accidents or terrorist attacks.
   - Understanding Exposure: It's crucial to assess the exposure of urban areas to these hazards. This involves mapping out areas prone to flooding, landslides, or other natural disasters, as well as identifying critical infrastructure and densely populated ___ _______ _______ ___ ___ __________ __________ ___ ______ ___.
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