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The Iron Age in South India represents a crucial phase in the cultural and socio-economic development of the region, marking the transition from the use of stone and copper tools to iron implements. This period, which roughly began around 1000 B.C. and extended up to the early centuries of the Christian era, is evidenced by a rich archaeological record, particularly in the Deccan and Tamilakam. The introduction and widespread use of iron played a transformative role in shaping agriculture, settlement patterns, craft production, and social organization in South India. The earliest evidence of iron in South India has been found in megalithic sites such as Hallur in Karnataka, Adichanallur in Tamil Nadu, and Nagarjunakonda in Andhra Pradesh. These sites reveal a culture characterized by the practice of erecting ___ _____ _____ ________ __________ _________ ____ _______ ______ ___ ____ ___.
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