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The Mansab system was a unique administrative mechanism introduced by Mughal Emperor Akbar in the late 16th century to organize his civil and military administration. The term "Mansab" is derived from the Arabic word "mansab," meaning rank or position. This system became the backbone of Mughal bureaucracy and military structure and remained in use with some modifications until the decline of the Mughal Empire in the mid-18th century. The Mansab system was primarily a system of ranking for nobles, civil and military officials, and royal servants. Each officer was assigned a numerical rank known as *mansab*, which determined his status in the imperial hierarchy, his salary, and the number of cavalrymen (*sawar*) he was required to maintain for the service of the state. The mansabdars (holders of a mansab) formed the elite class of the Mughal administration and played a key role in maintaining the central authority of the emperor throughout the vast empire. The mansabs were divided into two grades: *zat* and *sawar*. The *zat* rank determined the personal status of the mansabdar, his position at the court, and his salary. The *sawar* rank indicated the number of cavalrymen the mansabdar was expected to maintain for military service. For instance, a mansabdar with a *zat* rank of 5000 and a *sawar* rank of 3000 was required to maintain 3000 cavalrymen for imperial service. These soldiers were expected to be well-equipped, well-trained, and ready for battle. The distinction between *zat* and *sawar* helped ensure that the mansabdar’s personal status was separate from his military responsibilities. Ranks in the Mansab _________ __________ ____ _______ _____.
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