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The *Mansab* system was a unique and essential feature of the administrative and military structure of the Mughal Empire in India, introduced by Emperor Akbar in the latter half of the 16th century. It served as a mechanism to organize the nobility, military, and civil administration through a hierarchical grading system. The term "mansab" is derived from the Arabic word meaning 'rank', 'position', or 'status'. The system evolved over time under subsequent Mughal rulers and remained central to the governance of the empire until its decline in the mid-18th century. The Mansab system was both a military and bureaucratic framework. Under it, every officer of the state was assigned a *mansab*, which determined his status, salary, and the number of cavalrymen he was expected to maintain for imperial service. There were two main aspects to each rank: *zat* and *sawar*. The *zat* rank indicated the personal status of the officer and his salary, while the *sawar* rank referred to the number of cavalrymen he was obliged to maintain. This dual rank system ensured that the emperor had a clear measure of both the prestige and military utility of a mansabdar. Akbar initially introduced ranks ranging from 10 to 5,000. In exceptional cases, higher ranks were granted, sometimes going up to 10,000. Nobles of higher *zat* ranks often had large *sawar* responsibilities, as they were expected to provide significant military support to _____ ________ _____ _____ ______ __________.
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