Write a detailed note on topoisomerases

Question

10 Feb 2025

Answer :

Word Count : 678

Topoisomerases are enzymes that play a crucial role in maintaining the topology of DNA during processes like replication, transcription, and recombination. They work by controlling the over-winding or under-winding of the DNA double helix, thus preventing the DNA from becoming tangled or knotted, which can obstruct the normal functioning of the cell. The DNA molecule, in its natural state, is often subjected to torsional stress, particularly when it is unwound for replication or transcription. Topoisomerases resolve this issue by transiently altering the structure of the DNA molecule to relieve this stress.

There are two main types of topoisomerases: Type I and Type II, which differ in their mechanisms of action and the type of DNA breaks they generate.

Type I Topoisomerases:
Type I topoisomerases work by inducing a transient single-strand break in the DNA. ___ _______ __________ _____ ___ _______ _________ __________ ____ _____.
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