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The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, was a major milestone in the Indian National Movement, aimed at attaining self-rule and asserting India’s independence from British colonial rule through non-violent means. The movement emerged as a response to several factors, including the Rowlatt Act of 1919, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and India’s dissatisfaction with British policies during and after World War I. It also sought to oppose British support for the repressive colonial regime and to promote national unity and self-reliance among Indians. The programs of the Non-Cooperation Movement were diverse and were designed to disrupt British authority while fostering national solidarity. One of the key components was the boycott of British goods. Indians were urged to refuse to buy British textiles, and to promote the use of khadi, or hand-spun cloth, as a symbol of economic independence. This program not only struck at the economic foundations of British control but also encouraged indigenous industries, strengthened rural employment, and revived traditional crafts. Alongside the boycott of goods, there was a systematic boycott of British educational institutions. Students and teachers were encouraged to leave government schools and colleges and to establish national schools and colleges, where education could be imparted in Indian languages and imbued with nationalistic values. Another significant program was the boycott of British courts and legal services. Lawyers who participated in the movement refused to appear in British courts, and peasants were encouraged to ________ __________ _________ _______ _________ ___ __________ ___ ____ _______.
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