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Software Configuration Management (SCM) is a critical discipline within software engineering that focuses on systematically controlling the changes and maintenance of software products throughout their development life cycle. It is the process of identifying, organizing, and controlling modifications to software to maintain its integrity and traceability. SCM ensures that changes are introduced in a controlled and coordinated manner while maintaining the consistency and quality of the software product. SCM encompasses a range of tasks such as version control, change management, release management, configuration identification, configuration status accounting, and configuration auditing. It helps software engineers manage complex systems and maintain order when multiple people work on a shared codebase. The main objective is to avoid confusion and ensure that each team member is working with the correct version of software components. The need for Software Configuration Management arises due to the dynamic nature of software development. Software systems often undergo frequent changes due to evolving requirements, debugging, and enhancements. Without proper control, these changes can result in inconsistent or faulty software versions, missed deadlines, or loss of important data or functionality. SCM plays an essential role in maintaining coherence, accuracy, and coordination among development teams and software artifacts. Consider an example where a software development team is building a Library Management System. This system consists of various modules such as book inventory, member registration, book issuance, returns, and fine calculation. Suppose the team is divided into multiple developers who are working on different modules simultaneously. In the absence of SCM, the developers may face several ________ _____ ________ _____ ______ _______ __________ _____ ________.
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