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Social security refers to a set of measures, policies, and institutional arrangements designed to protect individuals and families against economic risks, vulnerabilities, and insecurities that may arise due to unemployment, illness, disability, old age, or death of a breadwinner. At its core, social security is concerned with safeguarding human dignity and ensuring that no individual falls below a minimum standard of living. It is an expression of the values of justice, equity, and solidarity, which are also foundational to the practice of professional social work. Professional social workers view social security not merely as a financial mechanism but as a rights-based approach that upholds human welfare and seeks to address systemic inequalities. The concept of social security has evolved in response to the changing needs of societies. In traditional societies, the family and community were primary sources of support in times of distress. However, with modernization, industrialization, and urbanization, the need for institutionalized forms of protection became increasingly important. Social security, therefore, emerged as a societal commitment to collective welfare, recognizing that social risks can affect anyone regardless of class or status. From a professional social work perspective, this reflects the values of empathy, respect for human worth, and a recognition of interdependence within society. In India, the idea of social security has both constitutional and developmental significance. The Constitution of India, through its Directive Principles of State Policy, explicitly directs the State to ensure social and economic justice, adequate livelihood, and protection in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement. ____ _____ ______ ________ _________ __________ _______ ___.
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