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Nanomedicine is a branch of medical science that applies the principles and tools of nanotechnology for the diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and control of biological systems. It involves the use of materials at the nanoscale (typically between 1 and 100 nanometers) to develop more effective and targeted medical interventions. Nanomedicine holds the potential to transform the landscape of healthcare in smart cities by enabling precise, personalized, and minimally invasive solutions for various health conditions. In smart cities, where integration of advanced technologies with healthcare systems is essential, nanomedicine can be an integral part of smart health infrastructure. It supports efficient disease management, reduces treatment costs, and improves the overall quality of life for residents through continuous health monitoring and targeted therapies. Nanomedicine works at the cellular and molecular level to interact with biological systems with a high degree of specificity. One of the most significant advantages of nanomedicine is its capability to deliver drugs directly to diseased cells without affecting surrounding healthy tissues. This targeted drug delivery reduces side effects, enhances drug efficacy, and lowers the required dosage. There are several mechanisms through which nanomedicine works. One of the most common approaches is the use of nanoparticles as drug carriers. These nanoparticles are engineered to encapsulate drugs and release them at the site of disease. Liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles are popular nanocarriers used for this purpose. These carriers can be functionalized with ligands __________ _________ __________ _____ _______ ______ _____ _______.
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