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A DNS (Domain Name System) server is a critical component of the internet infrastructure that translates human-readable domain names, such as [www.example.com](http://www.example.com), into machine-readable IP addresses, such as 192.168.1.1. This translation is essential because while humans remember domain names easily, computers and networking devices operate using IP addresses to route data across networks. DNS servers thus act as a directory service, allowing devices to locate and communicate with each other efficiently on both local networks and the global internet. DNS is hierarchical and distributed, meaning that no single server holds all the information. Instead, the DNS system consists of multiple servers organized in levels, including root servers, top-level domain (TLD) servers, and authoritative servers for specific domains. When a user enters a URL, the _____ ___ _____ ______ ______ _________ ___ ___.
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