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The concept of information infrastructure is central to understanding the interplay between technology, communication, and society. In the context of *Information, Communication and Society*, information infrastructure refers to the integrated framework that enables the creation, storage, processing, distribution, and consumption of information. This infrastructure operates across three interrelated levels: physical, logical, and organizational. Each level contributes to the effective functioning of the information society and supports socio-technical systems that influence daily communication, governance, commerce, and cultural exchange. The physical level constitutes the foundational hardware and networking elements that facilitate the transmission and storage of data. This includes telecommunication networks (fiber optics, mobile towers, satellite systems), data centers, computing devices (servers, personal computers, smartphones), and sensors that gather information. The physical layer is crucial for ensuring _________ ______ ________ _________ _________ ________ _____ ________ _______ ____ __________.
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