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When analyzing disaster management, it is crucial to recognize that disasters do not affect all individuals equally. Gender plays a pivotal role in shaping vulnerability, resilience, and access to relief and recovery services. Various case studies across the world underscore the need for gender-sensitive disaster management to ensure equitable support and effective mitigation strategies. These case studies demonstrate how integrating gender perspectives can improve planning, preparedness, response, and recovery in disaster situations. One notable case study is the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, which severely affected countries like Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. Research conducted in these areas revealed that women suffered disproportionately higher mortality rates than men. In Aceh, Indonesia, for instance, women represented 70–80% of the fatalities. Socio-cultural norms, including limited swimming ability, restrictions on mobility, and expectations to care for children and the elderly, increased women’s vulnerability. Furthermore, in the post-disaster phase, women faced challenges in accessing relief resources due to lack of documentation, restricted mobility, and social discrimination. This case study highlights the importance of gender-sensitive planning in disaster preparedness, including community-based awareness programs that address the specific needs of women and other vulnerable groups, as well as ensuring that relief mechanisms are accessible to all, regardless of gender. The 2010 Haiti earthquake provides another critical example of gendered impacts in disaster contexts. Following the earthquake, women and girls experienced elevated risks of sexual violence, exploitation, and ________ ___ __________ _____ _______ ____ _________ __________ ______ ____.
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