Identify the measures for research and capacity building initiated by government for achieving sustainable use of freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems in India.

The Government of India has undertaken several measures to promote research and capacity building for the sustainable use of freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems. These initiatives aim to address ecological degradation, enhance conservation efforts, and ensure the sustainable use of aquatic resources while balancing socio-economic development. Below are the key measures implemented by the Indian government:

### 1. Policy Framework and Legislative Measures  
To ensure the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems, the Indian government has formulated various policies, acts, and guidelines:

#### a. National Water Policy (2012)  
- Promotes integrated water resource management to ensure ecological sustainability.  
- Advocates for participatory water management and conservation practices.  
- Encourages scientific research for sustainable freshwater resource utilization.  

#### b. Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification (2011, 2019)  
- Regulates developmental activities along the coastal areas to protect marine ecosystems.  
- Promotes conservation of mangroves, coral reefs, and marine biodiversity.  
- Supports research initiatives to understand the impact of climate change on coastal and marine biodiversity.  

#### c. National Fisheries Policy (2020)  
- Focuses on responsible and sustainable fisheries management.  
- Encourages research on fish stock assessment and ecosystem-based fisheries management.  
- Promotes community-based capacity-building programs for sustainable fisheries.  

#### d. Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017  
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