Word Count : 227

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Catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) can be prepared from benzene through a controlled sulphonation–alkaline fusion pathway, which is often discussed in the context of green chemistry due to its high conversion efficiency and avoidance of heavy-metal catalysts. Benzene is first subjected to sulphonation using concentrated sulphuric acid or _______ _______ ___ ______ ____ _____ ________ _____.
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