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The Constitution (Seventy-Third Amendment) Act, 1992, is a landmark in the history of Indian democratic decentralization. It introduced a constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in rural areas of India, thereby strengthening grassroots-level democracy and enabling people’s participation in decision-making. The Amendment added Part IX to the Constitution, titled "The Panchayats", and inserted the Eleventh Schedule, which lists the functional items of the Panchayats. The Seventy-Third Amendment has major significance in the field of rural local governance as it provided a uniform structure, regular elections, financial powers, and representation to weaker sections and women. One of the key features of the 73rd Amendment is the establishment of a three-tier system of Panchayati Raj for states having a population of more than 20 lakhs. This three-tier system includes the Gram Panchayat at the village level, the Panchayat Samiti at the intermediate or block level, and the Zila Parishad at the district level. This structure aimed to decentralize governance and ensure that planning and implementation of development schemes reach the grassroots level. For smaller states and Union Territories with a population below 20 lakhs, the state legislature was given the discretion to decide the structure. The Act made it mandatory to hold regular elections every five years for the Panchayats. This provision was made to ensure continuity and accountability in the functioning of these institutions. Even in case of premature dissolution of any Panchayat, fresh elections are to be held within six months, thus avoiding a power vacuum in rural governance. The State Election Commissions (SECs) were constituted under ______ ________ _________ _______ _____ ___ ________ _______ _________.
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