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The heart is a muscular organ roughly the size of a human fist, located slightly to the left of the center of the chest. It functions as the central component of the circulatory system by pumping oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The heart works continuously throughout a person's life, ensuring that oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are transported efficiently throughout the body. ### Structure of the Heart The human heart is divided into four chambers and is composed of specialized cardiac muscle tissue known as myocardium. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac called the pericardium. #### 1. Chambers of the Heart: * Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. * Right Ventricle: Pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. * Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. * Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body through the aorta. The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a muscular wall called the septum. #### 2. Valves of the Heart: Valves ensure unidirectional flow of blood and prevent backflow. * Tricuspid Valve: Between the right atrium and right ventricle. * Pulmonary Valve: Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. * Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve: Between the left atrium and left ventricle. * Aortic Valve: Between the left ventricle and aorta. These valves open and close in response to pressure changes during the cardiac cycle. #### 3. Layers of the Heart ___ ___ ________ __________ _________ ____ ________ ______ _________ ________ _________ ________.
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