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Operant approaches for decreasing undesired behaviours are grounded in the principles of operant conditioning, a learning theory developed by B.F. Skinner. These approaches rely on the idea that behaviour is influenced by its consequences. In psychotherapeutic settings, operant methods are widely applied to modify maladaptive behaviours, especially in behavioural therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), and applied behaviour analysis (ABA). The key techniques used for decreasing undesired behaviours include extinction, punishment, response cost, and differential reinforcement. Extinction involves the removal of the reinforcing stimulus that maintains an undesirable behaviour. When the behaviour is no longer reinforced, it gradually diminishes. For example, if a child throws tantrums to gain attention and the therapist trains caregivers to withhold attention during tantrums, the behaviour is likely to reduce over ______ __________ _______ __________ ______ __________ ______ ________ ___ ________.
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