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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic process used to identify, predict, evaluate, and mitigate the environmental and health impacts of proposed development projects before decisions are made. In the context of environmental health, the basic principles of EIA are centered on safeguarding human health, maintaining ecological balance, and promoting sustainable development by integrating environmental considerations into planning and decision-making processes. One of the fundamental principles of EIA is the precautionary principle. This principle emphasizes that when an activity raises threats of harm to the environment or human health, precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause-and-effect relationships are not fully established scientifically. In environmental health, this means that potential exposure to pollutants, toxic substances, radiation, or biological hazards should be carefully evaluated and controlled before a project is approved. For example, in the construction of an industrial plant, even if the exact long-term health impacts of certain emissions are uncertain, preventive controls such as emission treatment systems and buffer zones should be incorporated. Another key principle is the principle of prevention. EIA aims to prevent environmental degradation and associated health risks rather than merely reacting to them after they occur. Preventive action is more effective and economical than remediation. By assessing air quality, _________ _______ _______ _________ __________ _________ __________ ___ __________ __________ ______.
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