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Diagnostic tests for disorders of the nose, ear, throat, and cancer play a vital role in early detection, accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluation of prognosis in medical surgical nursing. Nurses are actively involved in preparing patients, assisting during procedures, monitoring for complications, and providing post-diagnostic care. For disorders of the nose, diagnostic evaluation begins with detailed history taking and physical examination. Anterior and posterior rhinoscopy are commonly performed to visualize the nasal cavity, septum, turbinates, and presence of polyps, infection, or foreign bodies. Nasal endoscopy using a flexible fiber-optic scope provides detailed visualization of deeper nasal structures and sinuses. Imaging studies such as X-ray of paranasal sinuses, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) help identify sinusitis, deviated septum, tumors, or fractures. Nasal swab and culture tests are ___ ___ __________ ______ _________ ______ ________ _______ ________ ______ ________.
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