Word Count : 1092

---

The process of economic liberalisation initiated in India in 1991 under the leadership of the Union Government headed by P. V. Narasimha Rao, with the reform agenda designed by Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, marked a decisive shift from a state-led, protectionist model of development to a market-oriented and globally integrated economy. While these reforms were introduced at the national level, their most profound and visible effects have been felt within the political economy and governance structures of Indian states. Liberalisation and globalisation have redefined the relationship between the Union and the states, altered patterns of resource mobilisation, reshaped party competition, and transformed governance priorities and administrative practices across the country. One of the most significant impacts of liberalisation has been the intensification of competitive federalism. As industrial licensing was dismantled and investment decisions were increasingly left to market forces, states emerged as crucial actors in attracting domestic and foreign investment. With the reduction of central control over industrial location and capital flows, state governments began to compete actively by offering incentives such as tax concessions, subsidised land, infrastructural facilities, and simplified regulatory _____ ___ ____ __________ _______ _____ ____.
__________ _____ _________ ______ ____.
_______ ______ _______ _______ ______.
_________ _____ _____ ________ _________.
_________ ______ ____ ______ _______ _______ _______ __________ _______ _____ ____.
_____ _________ _____ ___ ____ _________ ______ ______.
____ ___ ___ __________ ____ _________ ______ ____ _________ _____.
___ ________ ___ __________ _______ _________ ________ ______ _______ _________ ______.
_______ __________ _______ ______ ______ _____ ______ ____ ___.
________ ________ ________ _____ _____ ___ _________ ____.
____ _________ _____ ____ ______ _____ ________ _______ _______ ________ _______ ______.
_______ _____ _____ ____ ________ ____ ___ _________.
______ _____ ____ _________ _____ ________ ____ _____ __________.
__________ ______ ____ _______ _________ ____ ______ ____.
_________ ______ _________ ______ ______ _____ _________ _________.
___ _________ ________ __________ _______.
_____ ______ ______ ______ _______ ______ _________ _________ ___.
___ ______ ___ _______ _______.
________ ________ ______ __________ ______.
___ ___ __________ ____ __________ ____ ___ ______ ______ __________ ______ ________.
_______ ___ ___ _________ ___.
_________ __________ __________ _________ _______ ____ ____.
________ ________ ____ ______ _____ ________ ________ ______.
__________ ________ ____ __________ ____ ____ _______ __________ _____.
__________ _______ ____ ______ ________ ____ _______ ______.
______ ______ ____ ______ ___ ___ _____.
_________ ____ ___ ______ ____ ____.
_______ _______ _______ _______ ___ _______ __________ ______ ____.
______ __________ _________ _______ ____.
_________ _______ _____ _____ ___ _______.
________ ______ _______ ______ __________ _____ _____ _____ __________ ____.
______ _____ _________ ________ _____.
_______ ______ ______ ____ ___ _____ ___ __________ ________.
______ _________ ________ ____ ________.
__________ ____ _________ __________ _____.
____ _______ _______ _____ ________ ____ _____.
______ ________ ______ _____ _________ ___ _________ ______ _____ __________ __________ ______.
____ _________ _________ ___ __________ __________ ____ ______.
_______ _______ _____ _______ ______ _____ ___.
______ ________ ________ ________ __________ __________ ________ ______ ____ ______ ___ __________.
______ ___ __________ _______ ___ __________ __________ _______ _______.
__________ ______ ___ ____ ____.
________ __________ ______ __________ _________ _____ _____ ______ _____ _________.
_________ __________ _____ _____ _____.
_____ ____ ___ __________ _________ _______ ______ _______ ____ __________.
______ _______ _________ _________ _______ ___ ____ _________ ________ ____ ____ ____.
___ _________ ____ _______ ___ _________ _________ ____ _______ ______ ____.
_________ __________ _____ ___ __________ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___.
_____ ____ __________ ________ ________ _____ _________ ___ ______ _______ _________.
___ _____ ___ _______ ______ _______ ______ ________.
____ ________ _________ __________ ______ ______.
___ _________ __________ __________ ________ ___ ____ ____ __________ _____ ________.
______ ____ ______ _______ ______ ________ ___ _______ ____ ____ _______ _______.
_____ _________ ______ ______ ____ ______ ________.
_________ ___ ________ ______ ___ _________ ___ __________.
____ _____ _____ _____ ___ ___ ______ _______.
______ ____ __________ ____ ___ __________ ________ ____ ______ ____.
______ ______ ___ ____ ___.
__________ ______ ________ ________ _____ ________ _________ _________ ___ __________.
____ __________ _________ ________ _____ ________ ________ _____.
_______ ____ ____ _____ _____ __________.
_________ ______ ______ ________ ___ ____ ______ ____ ________ _________.
_________ ____ ___ ______ ________.
_____ ____ __________ ________ ____ ________ _______ _____ ______ _________ ___.
______ _________ ___ ________ ____ ________ ______.
_________ _______ ________ _________ _______ __________ __________ ______.
________ ______ ____ _________ ___ _________ _______ __________ __________ ___ _______.
________ _____ __________ __________ __________ __________ _____ ____ _____.
________ ________ _______ _______ ________ __________ ________ __________.
_______ _____ ___ ____ _____ __________ _____ __________ ___.
_________ ___ ______ _________ ___ _________ ______ __________ _________ ___ ___ _______.
___ ________ __________ ____ ______ ____ ______ ______ _______ ____ ____ ___.
__________ ___ _____ ______ ____ __________ ______ ________ _____ ______.
______ ______ _______ ______ __________ ______ __________ __________.
______ __________ ______ ___ ____ _______ ____ __________ ________ ________ ____.
____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____ ____ _________ ______ ______ ___ ________.
____ _____ __________ _________ __________ _________ ______ __________ ______ ________.
__________ ______ ____ __________ ________ _________ ____ _____ ________ _________ ___ ___.
________ __________ ______ _____ ______ ____ __________.
_________ ______ ________ ___ _____.
_______ ___ _______ _________ ______ ____ ________ _________ ____.
________ __________ ___ ___ _____ ______.
__________ __________ ____ ____ ______ _________ ________.
________ __________ ________ _______ ____ ________ ____ __________.
_______ ____ ________ _________ ____ ____ _____ __________ ___.
________ _______ ____ _____ ____ __________ _____ _____.
___ ____ ___ _________ ___ ________ ____ _____ _____.
________ ____ _________ _____ ______ ____ _____ __________ __________.
__________ _____ ____ ______ _____ _____.
_________ ________ _________ ___ __________ ___ _________ ________ _______.
_________ ____ ___ ___ _________ __________ ________ _____.
____ _____ _______ __________ ___ ____ _________ ______ _______ ___ ___ ____.
_____ _______ ________ _________ ___ ________ ______.
___ ___ ___ ___ _________ _________ ___ _____ _________ ______ ______.
________ ______ ____ ________ __________ _________ _________.
_________ _________ ____ ________ _______ ____.
_______ _____ ______ _____ ________ ____ __________ ___ _________.
_________ __________ _________ __________ ______ ___.
_____ ______ __________ _______ _____ _____ _____ _____ ___ _____ ________ __________.
______ ____ ___ _______ __________ ___ ________ _____ _____.
______ __________ _________ __________ ____ __________ ____ _________ _______ ____.
________ ____ ______ _________ _____.
___ _______ _____ ________ ____ ________ __________ ______ _________.
________ _______ _________ ________ _____ _______ _________ ____ ________ ______ __________.
________ ___ ______ ________ ___ ______ __________.
_________ _______ ______ _____ __________ ________ _________ __________ _____ _______ __________ ______.
_______ _______ ______ ________ ______ _____ ________ ________ _________ ___ _______ ___.
____ ________ ________ _____ ____ _____ _________ ________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp