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The emergence of multiculturalism in Australia is a significant development in understanding the evolution of Australian society and its approach to diversity. Historically, Australia was shaped by British colonial settlement, which established a predominantly Anglo-Celtic culture and a social structure heavily influenced by British institutions, laws, and norms. This early phase of Australian society was marked by the “White Australia Policy,” implemented from 1901, which sought to restrict non-European immigration and maintain a racially homogeneous population. This policy reflected a broader social and political consensus that prioritized assimilation of immigrants into a singular cultural identity, thereby marginalizing Indigenous Australians and non-European migrants. The transformation towards multiculturalism began in the post-World War II era. Australia faced an acute labor shortage and embarked on a vigorous immigration program to boost population and economic growth. Initially, the country sought European migrants, including large numbers from Italy, Greece, the Netherlands, and later from Eastern Europe. These new arrivals began to challenge the dominant Anglo-Celtic identity, as their languages, religions, and cultural practices became more visible in Australian society. Although early immigration policies still leaned toward assimilation, the sheer diversity of arrivals necessitated greater social accommodation and recognition of different cultural identities. By the 1970s, the White Australia Policy had been formally dismantled, and Australia adopted a more inclusive immigration framework. This period coincided with global shifts in attitudes toward race, civil rights, and human rights, influenced by international movements against colonialism and racial discrimination. The Australian government began to recognize the benefits of a plural society, where multiple cultural identities could coexist and ______ ___ ________ ____ ___ __________ ____ _________ ______ ___ _____ __________.
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