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Feminist anthropology emerged as a critical subfield within anthropology during the late 20th century, responding to the discipline’s traditional neglect of women’s roles, experiences, and contributions in diverse societies. Initially, anthropology, particularly ethnography, was dominated by male perspectives that often marginalized or ignored women’s voices. Feminist anthropologists sought to challenge this androcentric bias by examining gender as a central organizing principle of social life, analyzing how power operates through gendered structures, and exploring the ways inequality is produced, maintained, and resisted within cultural contexts. One of the central concerns of feminist anthropology is the analysis of gender as a social and cultural construct rather than a mere biological difference. This perspective recognizes that societies do not simply assign roles based on biology but create complex systems of meaning around what it means to be male or female, and increasingly, to identify outside binary categories. Through ethnographic research, feminist anthropologists document the diverse ways in which societies define femininity, masculinity, and alternative gender expressions. By doing so, they reveal how gender shapes access to resources, social status, and life opportunities. Gender is thus understood not merely as an individual characteristic but as a relational and structural category that interacts with other axes of identity, such as class, ethnicity, age, and sexuality. ______ ________ __________ ___ __________ ________ __________ ______ ___.
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