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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has emerged as a transformative tool in modern governance, particularly in urban areas where the challenges of administration, infrastructure management, citizen engagement, and service delivery are complex and multifaceted. Urban governance, unlike rural administration, involves dealing with larger populations, higher densities, rapid migration, environmental pressures, and increasing demands for efficient public services. ICT, when integrated effectively, acts as a catalyst to improve transparency, accountability, efficiency, and citizen participation in the decision-making processes of urban governance. It redefines how cities are managed and how governments interact with their citizens, ensuring inclusive, responsive, and sustainable growth. One of the most critical roles of ICT in urban governance is the facilitation of service delivery. Urban populations depend heavily on civic amenities such as water supply, electricity, sanitation, waste management, healthcare, and public transport. ICT-based platforms streamline the delivery of these services through automation, real-time monitoring, and online access. For instance, municipal corporations can implement e-portals where citizens can pay property taxes, apply for building permissions, or register grievances without physically visiting government offices. This not only reduces bureaucratic delays and corruption but also enhances convenience for citizens. Mobile apps integrated with ICT systems further bring services directly to citizens’ hands, allowing them to access updates on public transport schedules, traffic congestion, or utility disruptions. ICT also plays a significant role in urban planning and infrastructure management. With the rise of ___ _________ ___ ____ ________ _______ _______ ________ __________ _____.
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