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Margin in trading plays a critical regulatory role in maintaining market integrity, financial stability, and investor protection in commodity trading, futures, and options markets. Margin is not a partial payment for the underlying asset; rather, it is a performance bond or security deposit that ensures fulfillment of contractual obligations. Regulatory authorities and exchanges strictly govern margin requirements to prevent excessive speculation, reduce counterparty risk, and control systemic exposure. In commodity futures markets, regulatory bodies such as securities and commodity market regulators prescribe broad guidelines for margin frameworks, while exchanges determine specific margin percentages based on risk assessment models. Initial margin is collected at the time a position is opened. It represents the minimum amount a trader must deposit to enter into a futures or options contract. This requirement is calculated using risk-based models such as SPAN (Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk), which assesses potential losses __________ ____ _____ _________ ________ ________ ___ _____.
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