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The study of caste in India has evolved through two major perspectives known as the "book-view" and the "field-view." The distinction between these perspectives reflects the shift from understanding caste as an idealized and static institution described in classical texts to viewing it as a dynamic and changing social reality observed through empirical research. This transformation was greatly influenced by sociologists and anthropologists such as M. N. Srinivas, F. G. Bailey, McKim Marriott, and O. M. Lynch, whose field studies provided a deeper understanding of caste in contemporary India. The book-view of caste is primarily based on ancient religious scriptures, Dharmashastras, Smritis, and other classical Hindu texts. It presents caste as a rigid, ________ ______ ________ ____ _____ _________ _____ ______ ____.
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