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The management of hazardous waste in India is governed by the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. These rules provide a regulatory framework to ensure the safe collection, storage, treatment, recycling, reuse, and disposal of hazardous waste in an environmentally sound manner. An important aspect of these rules is the system of authorizations required by industries or occupiers generating hazardous waste and by facilities engaged in its storage, recycling, treatment, or disposal. The authorization process is categorized into consent to establish (CTE), consent to operate (CTO), and renewal, each serving distinct objectives within the regulatory lifecycle of a facility handling hazardous waste. The first stage in the regulatory cycle is the consent to establish. Any industry, project proponent, or occupier planning to set up a facility that will generate or manage hazardous waste is required to obtain prior authorization before beginning construction or installation of machinery. The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) or the Pollution Control Committee (PCC) in Union Territories is the competent authority to issue such authorization. The applicant must submit detailed information about the type and quantity of hazardous waste likely to be generated, proposed methods of storage, treatment, and disposal, details of pollution control systems to be installed, and measures for environmental safeguards. A site assessment is usually conducted to evaluate the suitability of the location, particularly in relation to environmentally sensitive areas, proximity to water bodies, and compatibility with land use. The SPCB examines the environmental ________ __________ ____ ______ _______.
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