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India's foreign policy under Indira Gandhi, who served as Prime Minister from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 to 1984, was marked by a combination of pragmatism, assertiveness, and a pursuit of India’s strategic interests in a rapidly changing global environment. Her foreign policy approach was shaped by the complex realities of the Cold War, regional security concerns, economic development needs, and the aspiration to establish India as a leading voice among developing countries. Indira Gandhi’s foreign policy was influenced by both ideological considerations and the practical demands of ensuring national security, economic growth, and regional stability. One of the key determinants of Indira Gandhi’s foreign policy was the security challenge posed by India’s immediate neighborhood. The 1962 Sino-Indian War had exposed India’s vulnerabilities, and the subsequent conflict with Pakistan in 1965 heightened the need for a robust defense and strategic posture. Indira Gandhi adopted a policy that combined diplomatic engagement with military preparedness. This was evident in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, where India played a decisive role in supporting the independence of Bangladesh. The policy reflected both humanitarian considerations and strategic imperatives, as a stable Bangladesh was seen as crucial to reducing Pakistani influence in the region and ensuring India’s own security. India’s intervention in Bangladesh also enhanced its standing in South Asia and demonstrated its capacity to act independently of Cold War superpower directives, even as it navigated relations with both the United States and the Soviet Union. The global context of the Cold War ____ ________ ____ _______ _________ ___ ______ __________ ____.
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