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The emergence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has transformed every dimension of modern governance, particularly in the context of e-Governance. ICT refers to the convergence of computing, telecommunications, and information management that enables the collection, processing, storage, and dissemination of information. Over the last few decades, ICT has become the cornerstone of administrative reforms and governance efficiency. Understanding its emergence involves exploring its technological evolution, socio-political drivers, global trends, and its application in governance structures. The historical trajectory of ICT began with the development of computing technologies in the mid-20th century. Early computers, though large and limited in capacity, laid the groundwork for data processing in both public and private sectors. By the 1970s and 1980s, microprocessors and personal computers became accessible, facilitating decentralized computing. In parallel, telecommunication technologies such as landlines and satellite communication advanced, enabling faster transmission of information. The fusion of computers and communication technologies gave birth to the concept of ICT. The 1990s marked a significant turning point with the invention and global spread of the internet. The World Wide Web allowed instant access __________ __________ ___ _________ _________ _______ _____ _____ ______ _____ _______.
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