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The process of papermaking is a critical component in the preservation and conservation of library materials. Understanding the steps and types of paper helps in selecting appropriate conservation methods. The traditional papermaking process consists of several steps: preparation of raw materials, pulping, sheet formation, pressing, drying, and surface treatment. The process begins with the selection and preparation of raw materials. Historically, paper was made from rags, cotton, or other cellulose-based fibers. In modern industrial production, wood pulp is the primary source. The raw materials are cleaned and sorted before being reduced to a fibrous slurry through a mechanical or chemical pulping process. Mechanical pulping involves physically grinding wood logs into pulp, while chemical pulping uses chemicals to dissolve lignin and free cellulose fibers. Once the pulp is prepared, it ________ ____ ____ _________ _______ ___.
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