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The Mauryan administration was the first highly centralized and well-organized imperial administrative system in ancient India. Established by Chandragupta Maurya in the late fourth century BCE and further consolidated by Bindusara and Ashoka, the Mauryan Empire extended over a vast geographical area. The administrative structure reflected the need to govern a large and diverse empire efficiently. Information regarding this system is derived mainly from Kautilya's *Arthashastra*, Megasthenes' *Indica*, Ashokan inscriptions, and literary sources. The king occupied the highest position in the administrative hierarchy. He was the supreme authority in executive, legislative, judicial, and military affairs. Although endowed with extensive powers, the king was expected to uphold *dharma* and ensure the welfare of his subjects. Kautilya emphasized that the happiness of the ruler depended upon the happiness of the people. Ashoka further transformed kingship by introducing the ideal of *Dhamma*, emphasizing moral governance, ________ _______ __________ ___ _____ ___ _______.
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