Differentiate between case control and Cohort Study with suitable example.

A case-control study and a cohort study are two common types of observational research methods used to examine the relationship between exposures and health outcomes. Both designs are widely used in epidemiology to study the causes of diseases, their risk factors, and the effectiveness of interventions. However, there are distinct differences between the two, particularly in terms of study design, directionality, time frame, and data collection.

Case-Control Study:  
In a case-control study, the researcher starts with individuals who already have a particular disease or outcome of interest (the "cases") and compares them to individuals without the disease (the "controls"). The goal is to identify factors or exposures that may have contributed to the development of the disease by comparing past exposures between the two groups. This study design is retrospective, as _______ _________ _______ ___ ____ __________ _______.
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