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Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a chronic mental health condition characterized by extreme mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania or hypomania and depression. These mood shifts are more severe than typical mood changes and can significantly disrupt a person's daily functioning, interpersonal relationships, and occupational performance. Symptoms of Bipolar Disorders: Bipolar disorder is primarily categorized into Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, and Cyclothymic Disorder. Each subtype has distinct symptom patterns. 1. Bipolar I Disorder: * Characterized by at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. * Manic Episode Symptoms: * Elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week. * Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. * Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feeling rested after only a few hours). * More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking. * Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing. * Distractibility. * Increase in goal-directed activities or psychomotor agitation. * Excessive involvement in risky activities (e.g., unrestrained spending, sexual indiscretions). * The manic episode may require hospitalization and can include psychotic features like delusions or hallucinations. 2. Bipolar II Disorder: * Characterized by at least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode without any history of full manic episodes. * Hypomanic Episode Symptoms: * Similar to manic symptoms but less severe. * Duration of at least four consecutive days. * Does not cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning. * No psychotic features. * Major Depressive Episode Symptoms: * Depressed mood most of the day. * __________ __________ ______ _________ ______ _____ __________ _______ __________ ________.
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