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Sampling is a fundamental process in social research through which a researcher selects a part of the population for detailed study in order to draw conclusions about the whole. In rural development research, where populations are often large, scattered, and diverse, it is neither practical nor economical to study every individual. Therefore, sampling becomes essential for collecting reliable, representative, and manageable data. A well-designed sampling method helps in reducing cost, saving time, and improving the accuracy of research findings. The methods of sampling in social research are broadly classified into probability sampling and non-probability sampling, each having several techniques suited to different research situations. Probability sampling is a method in which every unit of the population has a known and equal or unequal chance of being selected. This method is based on the principle of randomness and ensures greater objectivity and representativeness. One of the most common types of probability sampling is simple random sampling. In this method, each member of the population has an equal chance of selection, and the selection is made through random procedures such as lottery methods, random number tables, or computer-generated numbers. This method is easy to understand and free from personal bias, but it is difficult to apply in large rural populations where a complete list of individuals may not be available. Another important method ____ ____ _____ ______ _________ _____.
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