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Rural areas have historically been the backbone of the Indian economy, contributing significantly to its growth, employment, and social structure. Even in the contemporary scenario, rural India continues to play a pivotal role in the overall economic development of the country. The rural economy, comprising agriculture, allied activities, small-scale industries, and services, remains integral to India’s socio-economic fabric. Agriculture is the primary occupation in rural India and the largest contributor to the rural economy. Around 50-60% of the Indian population resides in rural areas and depends directly or indirectly on agriculture and allied sectors such as animal husbandry, fisheries, and forestry for their livelihood. Despite the rise of the services and industrial sectors, agriculture continues to be the mainstay for the majority, providing employment and contributing to food security, raw materials for industries, and export earnings. The contribution of agriculture to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been declining in percentage terms due to the faster growth of industry and services. However, in absolute terms, agriculture and allied sectors still contribute nearly 18-20% of the GDP. This sector supports millions of small and marginal farmers and landless laborers who form the vulnerable section of rural society. The Green Revolution and subsequent technological advancements improved agricultural productivity, but challenges such as fragmented landholdings, dependence on monsoon, and low mechanization persist. Besides agriculture, the ___ ___ ____ _____ ________.
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