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Xerophytes are plants adapted to survive in arid and semi-arid environments where water is scarce. These adaptations are structural, physiological, and reproductive, enabling them to minimize water loss, store water efficiently, and tolerate high temperatures. Structural adaptations include modifications in leaves, stems, and roots. Many xerophytes have reduced leaf surface area to decrease transpiration. For instance, in cacti such as *Opuntia* and *Echinocactus*, leaves are transformed into spines, which not only reduce water loss but also protect the plant from herbivores. Some plants, like *Aloe vera*, have fleshy, thick leaves that store water in their parenchymatous tissue, forming succulence. The cuticle in xerophytic leaves ______ _______ ___ _____ ______ _____ _____ _________.
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