Question

 

Describe how proteins transport into the mitochondrial matrix.

24 Jul 2025
Answer :
Word Count : 397
Proteteins destined for the mitochondrial matrix are synthesized in the cytosol as precursor proteins with an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence, typically rich in positively charged and hydroxylated amino acids forming an amphipathic alpha-helix. These precursor proteins remain unfolded in the cytosol due to the action of molecular chaperones such as Hsp70, which prevent premature folding and aggregation, ensuring they remain competent for translocation. The targeting sequence is recognized by receptors on the mitochondrial surface, primarily components of the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, including Tom20 and Tom22. Tom20 acts as the initial receptor binding to the hydrophobic ____ _______ ______ ________ ____ __________ ______.
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