Define the transformation. How Griffith's experiment was carried out to discover bacterial transformation?

Bacterial transformation is a process where bacteria take up foreign genetic material from their surroundings and incorporate it into their genome, resulting in genetic change. This phenomenon was first demonstrated by the British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith in 1928, marking a major milestone in the understanding of genetics and molecular biology. The transformation process provides bacteria with new traits, such as antibiotic resistance or virulence, by acquiring genetic material from their environment. 

Griffith’s experiment aimed to understand the nature of bacterial virulence and the role of genetic material in this process. He worked with two strains of *Streptococcus pneumoniae*—a pathogenic (disease-causing) strain and a non-pathogenic strain. These two strains were distinguishable by their appearance under a microscope and their effect on mice: the pathogenic ________ ______ ____ __________ _______ _______.
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